In England and Wales within the Anglican church, provided the bride was over 12 years of age and had parental consent she might be married either by licence or banns. The groom had to be at least 14 and also have parental consent.
The law in Scotland was slightly different on the issue of parental consent, hence the popularity of Gretna Green as a place for English couples to marry.
Legally (the Clandestine Marriages Act 1753) this situation applied to all denominations in England and Wales, but I believe that, in practice, the Catholic church took a slightly stricter approach concerning the age of the bride, especially if she had not yet undergone confirmation.