There are newspaper accounts of the shipwreck in the Montreal Gazette with issues available on Newsapers.com
Quebec, December 5, 1816 -- We are extremely sorry to learn that the Sterling is a complete wreck, vessel and cargo.
December 2, 1816 -- The ship Sterling, Capt. Ruse, which lately sailed, was unfortunately wrecked on Seal Reef on the 18th instant (ie, November). The crew were saved and the captain has arrived in town.
The website has early Montreal Gazettes dating back to 1785 available online. Lots of other early newspapers also available from Britain etc which may allow you to build a picture of the ship's voyages and Captain Ruse. I am unaware of any early shipping records available beyond what you've already found.