I think his birth surname was Bliss.
BLISS, CHARLES JOHN TURNER
GRO Reference: 1875 J Quarter in OF CARDIFF Volume 11A Page 271
If I have the right couple, this appears to be their marriage record:-
Marriages Dec 1871
Bliss Jesse Clifton 6a 264
Turner Catherine Clifton 6a 264
In 1881 the family are in Cardiff and still there in 1891.