Second Anglo-Afghan War 1878-80

[Gunner1984]

Henry Reed
Gunner, 4952
Royal Artillery

Henry was born in Eastbourne, Essex in September 1852; the fifth of eight children of George and Ann (neé Francisco) Reed. A fisherman by trade and aged 19, Henry enlisted into the British Army at Plymouth Citadel on the 16th of March 1871, joining the Royal Artillery (RA) for 12 years’ service with the Colours. He is recorded on the 1871 Census as living in the barracks of the Citadel.

On enlistment, Henry joined 13 Brigade (13 Bde) RA and within seven months was on his way to India with the rest of the Bde. Arriving in November 1871, Henry would spend a total of nine years and 135 days in India, including active service in the Second Anglo-Afghan War. Three years later, in November 1874, he was transferred to 11 Bde which was subsequently re-numbered as 4 Bde in March 1877 and was posted to E Battery (E/4). However, it was during the second phase of the campaign and with C/4 that Henry would deploy to Afghanistan, serving from October 1879 until October 1880.

At the outbreak of hostilities with Afghanistan in the autumn of 1878, C/4 were stationed at Meerut and were ordered to Rawalpindi, where for the next few months it formed part of the Reserve Division of the Kurram Valley Field Force. The following March, the battery was moved up to the frontier and into hostile territory, leaving three guns, en-route, at Kohat. On the 12th of May the advanced half-battery arrived at Kurram, where it remained throughout the remainder of the first campaign. C/4 served through the second campaign with the Kurram Division, until the final evacuation of the Valley. By the end of September 1879, one half-battery had been pushed on to the advanced post of Ali Khel, the other remaining temporarily at Kurram. On the 14th of October. The former was engaged at Ali Khel in the repulse of the determined attack made by the Mangals on that post, contributing materially to their defeat. Broken up into divisions, the battery served for the remainder of the campaign at various posts extending from Kurram to Ali Khel, taking part in the various expeditions conducted into the surrounding country. On the evacuation of the Kurram Valley, C/4, recrossed the frontier, and eventually proceeded to Lahore

In May 1880, whilst based at Kurram, Henry re-engaged for a total of 21 years’ service and transferred to 9 Bde and then 8 Bde RA in June and October of the same year. In January 1881, 8 Bde returned to England arriving back on the 24th of February, subsequently becoming 1 Bde, Cinque Ports Division RA in April 1883. Over the next six years Henry would transfer between several different batteries and brigades, eventually finding himself in 3 Bty, 1 Bde (3/1), Southern Division, based in Portsmouth in July 1889. In November of the same year, Henry and 3/1 were posted the warmer climate of Malta for the next two and a half years, and it was during this period, in March 1892, that Henry was awarded his Long Service and Good Conduct medal and was also granted permission to continue beyond his 21 years’ service.

With 21 years’ service completed, Henry was posted to the Depot Bde, Southern Division and returned to England in June 1892. He would remain with the Depot Bde in Portsmouth for another 12 years, through more reorganisation of the Army, with the formation of the Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) in January 1902. Henry was finally discharged from the Army at Fort Rowner, Gosport on the 4th of July 1904 having served an incredible 33 years and 111 days. For 20 years he performed the role of an Officers’ servant, and his character and conduct were described as “Exemplary”.

Henry married Elizabeth Joyce on the 14th of January 1882 in Dover. They had one son, Ernest Albert (b.25th May 1884) but unfortunately Elizabeth died before he was a year old, passing away on the 22nd of January 1885 in Hilsea, Portsmouth. On the 17th of January 1884, George married Amelia Annie Haffenden at Wymering, Portsmouth, with whom he had a further eight children: Arthur Edward (b.1887), Ellen Ada (b.1889), George Samuel (b.1892), William John (b.1895), Lillie Pheobe (b.1899), Richard Victor (b.1900), James Edwin (b.1906), and Violet Dorothy (b.1909). Following his retirement, Henry and Amelia would remain in the Portsmouth for the remainder of his life. Henry died in Gosport, in October 1932 aged 80.

[Gunner1984]

Walter Simms
Gunner, 1900
Royal Horse Artillery

Walter was born in Brighton, Sussex around April 1849, the third of six children born to Edward, a journeyman Bricklayer, and Ann (neé Ralph) Simms. On the 29th of October 1866, at the age of 17 years and 6 months, Walter enlisted into the British Army at Brighton, attesting into the Royal Horse Artillery (RHA) and signing up for 12 years’ service.

Walter was posted to B Brigade (B Bde) RHA, with whom he would spend the first five years of his career. In November 1871, he was transferred to the RHA Depot Bde before setting sail for service in India on the 17th of January 1872 arriving a month later, on the 20th of February. It was the beginning of nearly eight years spent overseas and, once arrived in India, Walter was posted to F Bde RHA, based in Umballa. Having completed nearly nine years’ service, in May 1875 Walter extended his time with the Colours to a total of 21 years. Shortly after, in July 1877, F Bde was redesignated as C Bde RHA, and Walter was posted to H Battery (H/C). It was with H/C that he would see active service during the Second Anglo-Afghan War.

On the 21st of October 1878, H/C marched from Sialkot in the Punjab for Campbellpur, where it remained halted till the 4th of December, when it then proceeded to Naushahra to join the 2nd Division Peshawar Valley Field Force under the command of General Maude. After doing duty at Taru, Peshawar, and Jamrud until the 11th of April 1879, the battery crossed the frontier and moved up to Basawal where it remained until the 8th of May. On that date it was ordered back to Peshawar, and subsequently to Naushahra and finally back to Sialkot, where it arrived on the 9th of June 1879.

A few months later, Walter and H/C returned to England, arriving on the 15th of December 1879. In April 1882, C Bde was redesignated as B Bde RHA and Walter transferred to B Division, Coast Bde RA in December of the same year. Seven months later in July 1883 he transferred again, this time to the RA School of Gunnery at Shoeburyness in Essex. Walter was discharged on the 5th of June 1888 having completed a total of 21 years and 219 days service.

Walter married Emily Jane Gough, a dressmaker from Warminster in Wiltshire, in 1887. After being discharged from the Army, Walter and Emily moved to Blaina in Monmouthshire, between Merthyr Tydfil and Abergavenny where Walter worked as a general labourer and latterly as a surface worker in the mining industry. Walter died on the 11th of October 1914 in Blaina, aged 65.

[Gunner1984]

John Beharrell
Gunner, 2002
Royal Horse Artillery

John Beharrell was born in the village of Holme, near Peterborough in February 1847. He was the second of nine children born to John, an agricultural labourer, and Lydia (neé Prebble) Beharrell both of whom were also born in Holme. On the 16th of November 1868 in Glasgow, John enlisted into the Royal Horse Artillery (RHA) at the age of 21, signing on for twelve years’ service with the Colours.

The first six months of John’s military career were spent with at the Depot Brigade (Bde) RHA where he learnt his trade as a Gunner before being transferred to B Bde RHA on the 1st of June 1869. John’s time with B Bde was short-lived and he was transferred to E Battery, F Bde RHA (E/F) who were serving in Umballa in India, sailing from England on the 14th of November 1870. In 1873 John received a kick to the head from a horse resulting in a “putrid discharge” from both ears which would recur for the next eight years. This injury would ultimately result in his being discharged from the Army.

In July 1877 F Bde was re-titled as C Bde RHA. Between August 1877 and January 1878, John was part of the British Army’s punitive expedition against the Jowaki Afridi tribe on the Northwest Frontier. This was in response to the Jowaki’s guerrilla attacks against British interests, including the pass between Kohat and Peshawar, that were sparked by the British government in India cutting the tribute payment made to the local tribes for good behaviour. Having pushed the Jowaki back into the mountains, the expedition ended in January 1878 when the British force returned to its home stations, though sporadic attacks by the Jowaki continued.

Having served for nearly ten years, on the 29th of May 1878, John re-engaged with the Army, signing up for a total of 21 years’ service. A few months later, the Second Anglo-Afghan War would break out.

I/C formed part of the advance guard of the 1st Division Peshawar Valley Field Force, which marched from Jamrud to enter the Khyber Pass on the 21st of November 1878, taking part in the Battle of Ali Musjid. As part of the advance guard, four guns of the battery opened fire on nearing Ali Musjid but were taken out of action on the arrival of a field battery and a 40-pounder Armstrong battery, which formed part of the main column of the force. Later in the day, when a general advance on Ali Musjid was made, the battery was taken down to the Khyber stream, and assisted in covering the attack of the Infantry on the fort. The casualties on this day were one other rank and two horses killed, and five other ranks wounded. On the 23rd of November the battery accompanied the force which advanced to Daka and subsequently to Jalalabad, where it remained in camp throughout the succeeding winter months. On the 31st of March, I/C advanced with the Cavalry Brigade towards Gandamak and on the 2nd of April, took part in the action of Futtehabad, contributing to Brigadier-General Gough’s crushing defeat of the enemy.

After the signing of the treaty of peace at Gandamak, the battery was amongst the first of the units of the Division to march back to India. It suffered severely en route from an epidemic of cholera, losing one officer and thirteen men in five days. Early in September 1879, the battery received orders to return to England; but these orders were countermanded immediately after the news of the massacre of the Kabul Embassy reached India, and the battery was directed to join the Division under the command of Major-General Roberts in the Kuram Valley. However, not having replenished its deficiencies in men, horses, and stores after returning from the first campaign, its advance was delayed. On receipt of the news of the investment of Sherpur, I/C was ordered to proceed by forced marches to Peshawar where is formed part of the garrison. As troops arrived from the South, it was again ordered forward, and reached Daka on the 1st of January 1880. Two weeks later, on the 15th of January the battery, forming part of the small mixed force of Cavalry and Horse Artillery was engaged in the encounter with the Khan of Lalpura and his followers, who had crossed the Kabul River and occupied the Gara Heights at the Western mouth of the Khyber Pass. The battery shelled the heights and enabled the Infantry to make a direct attack which routed the enemy, dispersing them towards Kam Daka. It was subsequently decided to reduce the force of Artillery in Afghanistan and the battery was ordered to India, recrossing the frontier on the 14th of February 1880.

John, having served ten years and 112 days in India, and the rest of I/C returned to England aboard HMS Serapis in February 1881. The battery was stationed in Fordington near Dorchester and John remained with the battery for another year before transferring to I Bty, B Bde RHA on the 1st of April 1882.  On the 25th of May 1882, John was admitted to hospital in Aldershot suffering from facial paralysis. He was diagnosed with Bell’s Palsy but other symptoms such as blistering, and vertigo indicate he may have been suffering with Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. He spent eight weeks in hospital before being discharged. Unfortunately, he was admitted twice more suffering the same symptoms, firstly in October 1882 and again in January 1883.

[Gunner1984]

John Beharrell
2002, Gunner
Royal Horse Artillery

Continued...

Because of his recurring symptoms, John appeared before a medical board at Aldershot on the 29th of March 1883 where he was adjudged to be medically unfit for further service – the blow to the head he received in 1873 was deemed to be the ultimate cause – and was recommended for discharged. He left the Army on the 22nd of May 1883.

John married Elizabeth Jane Grovestock at the Church of St Peter in the town of St Albans on the 12th of August 1885. Elizabeth was from St Albans and was twenty years his junior (b.1867). According to the 1891 Census, John and Elizabeth were living in Hatfield, Hertfordshire with two children, Albert John (b.1886) and Florence (b.1890). By the time of the next census, the family had grown, with the addition of Kate (b.1892), George (b.1895), Elizabeth (b.1898), and William (b.1900), and had moved a few miles North to the village of Ayot St Lawrence. There, John worked as a cattle stockman on the country estate belonging to Roger Cunliffe, a banker from Essex. John and Elizabeth had a further two children, Alfred (b.1903) and Virtue (b.1906).

John died in October 1922 aged 76.

[Gunner1984]

John Chancellor
Sergeant, 1833
Royal Horse Artillery

John Chancellor was born in Lambeg near Lisburn in 1837 and enlisted into the Bengal Horse Artillery of the East India Company (EIC) at Belfast on the 1st of May 1859, aged 22. He was immediately dispatched to India where he would spend the next 20 years and 50 days. Following the Indian Mutiny of 1857-58, the forces of the EIC were absorbed into the British Army and John volunteered for transfer to the Royal Horse Artillery (RHA) in February 1861.

John was transferred to E Battery, F Brigade (E/F) RHA on the 29th of November 1862 and was promoted to Bombardier a year later, on Christmas Day 1863. Further promotions followed in quick succession – to Corporal in February 1865 and Sergeant in July 1866. He re-engaged for a total of 21 years’ service with the Colours, however his rise was brought to a halt when he was tried by Court Martial and reduced to the rank of Gunner, most likely for alcohol-related offences, in December 1870.

The following years were more settled as John recovered from his indiscretions, though he was hospitalised in 1872 having contracted Cholera whilst stationed at Meerut. He was again promoted to Bombardier in June 1875 and Corporal in April 1877. Shortly after, in July 1877, F Bde was redesignated as C Bde RHA, and John was posted to H Battery (H/C). It was with H/C that he would see active service during the Second Anglo-Afghan War. Shortly before the outbreak of the War, in September 1878, John was promoted to Sergeant, and he was also awarded his Long Service and Good Conduct Medal in November of the same year.

On the 21st of October 1878, H/C marched from Sialkot in the Punjab for Campbellpur, where it remained halted till the 4th of December, when it then proceeded to Naushahra to join the 2nd Division Peshawar Valley Field Force under the command of General Maude. After doing duty at Taru, Peshawar, and Jamrud until the 11th of April 1879, the battery crossed the frontier and moved up to Basawal where it remained until the 8th of May. On that date it was ordered back to Peshawar, and subsequently to Naushahra and finally back to Sialkot, where it arrived on the 9th of June 1879.

A few months later, John and H/C returned to England, arriving on the 15th of December 1879. John was discharged on the 1st of June 1880 having served a total of 21 years and 24 days.

In around 1892, John commuted his pension and emigrated to Toronto in Canada where he intended to become a commercial market gardener. In his written submission to the Royal Hospital Chelsea, he described how the growing population was leading to high demand for produce, with good prices and cheap land available for purchase. He was confident of being able to provide sufficiently for himself and his wife.

[Bill93185]

Hello... Please help. 

My relative Patrick CROKE, Service No.1386, was in the 2nd Battalion 18th Royal Irish Foot Regiment. He saw service in New Zealand (Second Maori War), and in Australia, England etc.

Later, about 1874, he was transferred to the 1st Battalion 18th Royal Irish Foot Regiment Service No. 69B/503 when he was sent to serve in India.

As I do not have records of this period I would like to find out if Patrick did participate in Second Anglo-Afghan War 1878-80 and obtain any service records of his service, perhaps a record him receiving of The Afghan War Medal.

Thanks for your help.
Bill Croke (Australia)

[Garen]

Hello Bill

No Patrick Croke on the Afghan war medal roll for the 1/18th, I'm afraid.

Is he on any census returns post-1880?

Best - Garen

[ShaunJ]

Fold 3 appears to have a record of Patrick Croke as a deserter in 1880 at Clonmel. 69th Brigade number 503.

[Bill93185]

Hello Garen.

Thanks for your quick response.

1. Service Second Anglo-Afghan War 1878-80
Thanks Garen, I now know Patrick was not entitled to the medal.
Could he have served in this war without a medal?

2. Death
Patrick Croke died on 1 December 1880 in Clonmel, Tipperary, he was 44 years old. He was found drowned in the River Suir. It was believed Patrick was in the river for approx. 25 days. Identification was from his uniform and a warrant issued for being AWOL; missing from the Barracks.  Vol 4 Page 356 File 101590 Carrick-on-Suir - Bru Bora Heritage Centre Tipperary Ireland.(it is agreed he committed suicide due to loss of 3 daughters due to Measles and his wife all in 1880.

3. Census
No census for Patrick Croke post 1880.

Thanks Bill Croke - Australia.