Hmmm. Difficult.
Where did you get his date of birth from? How do you know that he was born in Aberdeenshire? What else do you know about him? Occupation? How did he die? Have you found him in the 1841 census? (If not, use
https://www.freecen.org.uk/cgi/search.pl)
If I were you I would try to eliminate some of them by looking for them in 1851 or later, though I have had a look in the 1851 census and it isn't very informative.
Even if you did manage to eliminate some of them you have to remember (a) that there could be other John Hendersons whose birth/baptism records, if they ever existed, have not survived and (b) some or all of your three candidates may have died before 1855, leaving no record of their burials.
I see that John Henderson and Catherine Mortimer had one son, John, born 19 January 1848 in Old Machar. IF they followed the naming tradition I would expect John's father's given name to be John too.
John H, son of Alexander H and Elize, was living with his parents and siblings at Backhill, Belhelvie in 1841, age listed as 20. Neither of the others is obvious.