In the era prior to the Legal Aid and Solicitors (Scotland) Act 1949 that introduced civil legal aid, a litigant in the civil court had to seek to be admitted to the local Poor's Roll. If accepted, which was far from easy, then the basic costs of a court action would be met from parish funds, and the lawyer conducted the case for no fee.
By the 1930s this system was recognised as unworkable, but it was not until WW2 was over that Legal Aid reform, as proposed in 1937, took place.