The death certificate is helpful in that it confirms the names he used during his lifetime.
You mentioned in an earlier post that he may have deserted from the army and then joined a different regiment.
Findmypast has some service records for Matthew Hedges born London 1889. It would be worth downloading these to see if they are your Matthew. If they are his and he did desert then that would explain the change of name.
I would make a list of all documents relating to him, census, certificates etc, in date order noting the name he used and the location. This should help to identify when he changed his name
Andy
I agree, it's worth checking anything that's to be found on this man - we're all intrigued now. My impression though, far from hiding his original name, is that he's gone to some lengths to keep it in use.
Today's wording for change of name is "If you wish to be known by a different name you can change your name at any time, provided you do not intend to deceive or defraud another person. There is no legal procedure to follow in order to change a name. You simply start using the new name. You can change your forename or surname, add names or re-arrange your existing names. Although there is no legal way to change a name, you may want evidence that you have changed your name".
FWIW, my first-hand experience of this stems from my mother's change of surname in the 1940's; she had a deed-poll drawn-up and ceased using her previous name, therefore her original name was not given on her death certificate 30 years later. I also changed my surname in the 1960's but didn't have a deed-poll because I wanted to keep my original name in use - although not all at the same time as this man's done! I've since taken steps to ensure both my names appear on my death certificate - although I didn't know it would appear twice in the registers until Andy told me.
None of this exactly helps us with what this man did but he surely wouldn't have given both names to the prison service if he'd changed it to deceive and desert the army? And, again from my experience, you have to be quite proactive to keep a previous name alive. Officialdom is happier to let it sink without trace. topas, didn't you pin it down to happening btw 1906-1911? We know he was Matthew Hedges on the 1901 census aged 12.
Wendy