After 1911, the GRO indexes show the 'other spouse's' surname so you can often find the year, quarter, registration district, volume and page for the marriage. From this you can buy a marriage certificate (if you want to), which should show their fathers names, and sometimes other family names as witnesses.
Before 1911, the indexes aren't cross-referenced. So you look up each name separately in roughly the right area and time frame and try to find a pair that have the same year, quarter, registration district, volume and page.
If you only have the woman's first name (say from a census) you can still do this. Find all instances of the man's name in the right area and time frame, then search by year, quarter, registration district, volume and page to see which women were married at the same time. Obviously this is much easier if the names are unusual. If you're looking for John Smith marrying someone called Mary in London you could be there for a long time!

BTW if you do need England & Wales certificates, get them from the GRO
http://www.gro.gov.ukor the register office where the event took place. Other sites may offer them but they are often (very much) dearer!
Linda