Unfortunately the dates you are looking for are well before the start of civil registration so you'll need to rely on church records but many Presbyterian records in the Coleraine area don't start until after the Thompsons left Ireland.
Here's a rough guide to the records of the Presbyterian congregations in Coleraine- B=baptisms, M=marriages:
1st Coleraine B=1845, M=1845
2nd Coleraine (New Row) B=1842, M=1809
3rd Coleraine (Terrace Row) B=1862, M=1845
There are also a number of Presbyterian churches not far from the centre of Coleraine- Ballywatt, Ballywillan, Ballyrashane, Macosquin (Englishtown) are just a few.
The earliest complete census for Ireland is 1901 but for Co.Derry there is the 1831 Census- lists heads of household only. Perhaps someone here will have access to that and check for Samuel Thompson for you.