Surveys of adult literacy in the early part of Victoria's reign suggest that, for example, 79 per cent of the Northumberland and Durham miners could read, and about half of them could write. Eighty seven per cent of children in the Norfolk and Suffolk workhouse in 1838 could read and write. Thanks to the growth in freelance schooling, all privately financed, literacy levels had risen to about 92 per cent by 1870 and Forster's Education Act
"The Victorians" by A.N. Wilson ISBN 0-09-945186-7.
Letter from RH Gregg of Styal to Edwin Chadwick:Manchester, 17 September 1834
Gregg, a factory owner at Styal near Manchester; was having difficulty in finding enough workers for his mill at Quarry Bank. His solution is set out in this letter to Edwin Chadwick, secretary to the Poor Law Commission.
Whilst food is cheap and wages high, the want of education (I do not merely mean the ability to read and write, which few here are without), but education which may affect manners, morals, and the proper use of their advantages, is extremely felt and to be deeply deplored. I do hope Government will not allow another session to pass without making some struggle to effect this most desirable object.
Annual Report of the Poor Law Commission, Appendix C number 5 (1835)
Everywhere there were clergymen, doctors, schoolmasters, shopkeepers, tradesmen or a neighbour who would help with the filling in of the schedule.
Just to add from the Enumerators Instructions for 1851;
If, on enquiry for the Schedule, it is delivered to him not filled up, he must fill it up himself, asking all the necessary questions. He should if possible, see the head of the family for that purpose, and obtain the information from him. In the abscence of the Occupier, any other member of the family possessing the requisite intelligence, may supply the necessary particulars.
Stan