Hi Steven
Something kept bugging about this family...
I also realised you asked if Adolphus and Catherine had a son named Adolphus - the only birth I can find within the time-frame is, FreeBMD:
Q3 1853 Adolphus Wellington Grigson, Plymouth. V 5b, P 240.
Adolphus and Catherine were in cheshire/Lancashire in the early 1850's and there are Grigson's in Devon around that that time. Would require more research.
I can see Adophus up to 1851 and from 1871 (with Catherine from 1851). I can't find them in 1861. Though the 1871 census states, daughter, Frances 15y was b. Ireland and sons; Henry 12y and Charles 10y were b. Sri Lanka (Ceylon). He was obviously serving abroad, being a soldier. Of course they may have had a son, Adolphus and may have died.
I can't find a suitable birth for Thomas (Adolphus' father) either. Looking at some of the unsourced material it would appear to be about 1800 +/- and possibly not England. However, this would make him about 16y if he married in 1816, I can see why Sandy suggests a possible marriage only.
Hope there is something here to help.
Geoff