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Given how dark his collar patch is, I think it was probably scarlet in colour, signifying that he served in a flak or anti-aircraft artillery regiment. For comparison, the outer circle of the cockade on his sidecap would have been red also, irrespective of which branch he served in.

Very interesting. Thank you for the information.

Given the Swastika on his cap badge and right side of his chest I doubt that this was in the Polish Army.  Depending upon where he came from he may have been one of the half million Polish males from the areas initially annexed by germany who were declared German citizens and conscripted into their army.

I am now not 100% certain that he was born in Poland - he may well have been born in Germany, so maybe he was conscripted into the German military, or maybe he just signed up. I don't know 

There is something fishy going on here:

Quote from: heilanlassie on Sunday 01 June 25 20:59 BST (UK)

It appears that Anna Litza/Lica was married before, as her maiden name was Piorek.

Hmmm … I’m not convinced about that statement.  As far as I can see, Anna’s maiden name is always Lica (or a variation).
Maybe she’d been married to someone with the surname PIOREK? Unfortunately the missing parish books won't let me confirm that ...

Quote from: heilanlassie on Sunday 01 June 25 20:59 BST (UK)

Going back to Anton - he was born in 1799 in Rynkowka. Lived and died in Bukowiny and was buried in Fraca.

I thought that “your” Anton lived in Milewo (Neuenburg parish) i.e. abt 11 k’s from Bukowiny (Lalkau parish): When his kids are born in the 1840’s and 1850’s Anton lives in “Milewken” (= current town Milewo)

I am getting so much information, that I'm getting more and more confused.
My dna match, who appears to be a distant cousin, lives in Nowe, and is giving me information after getting parish records and documents from the registry office.
She is telling me that my great-grandfather, Johann Chyla, was born about 1844, and died in Milewo on 06 October 1874. He was married to Augusta Merker, who was born about 1845 and died on 09 July 1930.
As to Johann's father, my 2xgreat-grandfather, it looks as if he was born in Rynkowka in 1799, and lived and died in Bukowiny. How many names his wife had (my 2xgreat-grandmother) had - is work in progress. So far we've got Piorek, Litza, Lica - and I'm turning to drink................
When I uploaded my dna results to ancestry, the names Lica, Lauda and Balcer come back as my closest paternal matches.
As I said before, I can't thank you enough for the research you have done for me.

I’m wondering whether this is “your” Anton’s death in 1878. He is 78y old. I’m guessing that that it says that Anna Lica is his wife, but someone else will have to confirm that because as he seems to have resided in Rynkowka instead of Nowe:
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSVW-W9HK-9?i=373 (#13)

Looking promising....................I have downloaded the certificate and sent it to my dna match lady in Poland.
The information you are finding is just amazing, and I can never thank you enough.