Had a look at the Old Parish Records for Rathen and found a burial for a Peter Thomson 5 December 1851 described as a pauper/poor .
The 1841 census Rathen Ardglassie shows Peter Thompson aged 75 a pauper and Mgt Thompson aged 50
1851 census Rathen Cairns of Memsie
Peter Thompson head m 86 pauper ( ag lab ) born rathen
Margret Thompson wife m 71 born rathen
The IGI shows that a Peter Thomson married Margaret Jack 7 August 1831 in Rathen .I had a look at that marriage entry in the Parish Register but it did not say if he was a widower.
Could this be your Peter remarried after his wife Susan died

?
Also looked at the christening info for the children . Witnesses for William and Andrew were Wm Webster and James Gibson .
Witnesses for Mary were Will McKay and Jas Milne . Sorry couldn't find John's
Looked at the index for poor relief in Rathen but Peter wasn't listed .
If that is your Peter it is a pity he didn't live a few more years then you could have had a certificate for him !!
I checked the cemetery but there is no head stone .Not a surprise if it is him as a pauper
Hope this helps
Kathy