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Update, have not heard back from St Cynwyd church yet, but Glamorgan Archive confirmed Thomas, Hannah and son Richard Thomas (formerly foster son Richard Found from 1851 census) are buried in same grave and they think it is in the new graveyard, but the grave plan for the new churchyard in the Archive is in poor condition and dated 1864, so prior to burials in my case.  The Archives also checked the Glamorgan Family Historical Society's Monumental Index for the church and came up with the memorial inscription and translated it for me.  All very helpful.

I'm going to ask the Archives and/or Vicar if they can enlighten me further on burial in the Parish church if the Thomases were members of an independent church/chapel.

Question: how can i research adoption of Richard Found into the Thomas family?  He's not in my direct line, but I"m curious.

Thank you that is helpful.

Can you explain what you saw in the notation for John Thomas' burial that points to the new burial yard?

If baptism was Anglican, is there a likely church in Llanarthney?  When I looked at the map link, it shows an area called Llanarthney and a village.

sorry for late reply to all your great information.

I'm a bit confused, but from your posts is this likely?

John Hughes
Baptism 1831, Llanarthney, Carm
Father Job Hughes
Mother Mary Davies, possibly unmarried.

This fits with 1871 Census, age 41 and Death record 1872, age 41.  Father Job fits with John's 1854 marriage in Llangynwydd naming Job Hughes, father.

Then,
1835 Job Hughes marries
Margaret Bevan
Llangyfelach

1841 Census, Glyncollen, Llangyfelach
Job Hughes, 30  head
Margaret Hughes, 30
Jane Hughes 6
Margt Hughes 4  MMN Bevan
David Hughes 2  MMN Bevan
NK, 1 day

1841 David Hughes, age 3 dies
Llangyfelach

1847
David Hughes bornm MMN Bevan

Margaret (Bevan) Hughes dies sometime aft 1847 birth David Hughes and bef 1851 census.  Maybe in childbirth?

1851 Census Llangyfelach
Job Hughes, widower, 50 ag lab  (fits with 1854 marriage record naming his occupation)
Jane, 16
Jemimah 7
David 4

But, if this is same Job Hughes, his age was 30 in 1841 census with wife Margaret Hughes

1854 John Hughes marries Rachel Thomas, Llangynwydd Church.  John resides Maestag, Rachel resides Llan Higher.  John's father Job, laborer.

Was John Hughes in household of his mother Mary Davies growing up?  He was not in Job Hughes household 1841 or 1851 census.

1860
Job Hughes re-marries
Mary Morgans, Neath

1861 Census, Llansamlet
Job Hughes, 47 
Mary Hughes, 55
David Hughes 14
Jane Hughes 12

But, Job Hughes was age 50 in 1851 Pantlasau Cottages, Llangyfelach census as widower, and age 30 in 1841 Llangyfelach census with wife Margaret.

Cas, can you point me to source for the possible baptism of John Hughes, 1831, Llanarthney?

Based on census data alone for John Hughes, I'm having trouble with his birthplace.  I'm most confident in overall facts of 1871 Census Ystradyfodwg, Pontypridd listing
 
John Hughes, head, age 41, coal miner, birth county Carm, birthplace Llanedy
Rachel Hughes, 35, Glamorgan, Llangyfelach
John, son 15, Glamorgan, Llwyni
Wm, son 13, Glamorgan, Llwyni
Richard, 9, Glam, Ystrad
Marg. Ann 6, Glam Ystrad
Eliz. age 3, Glam Ystrad
David, 1, Glam, Ystrad
David Hughes, boarder, age 24, Glam. Llangyfelach.

This census listing birthplace for John in Llanedy, Carm seems to fit with baptism you found for John
1831
Llanarthney, Carm
Father Job
Mother Mary Davies

I found an 1861 Census for a John and Rachel Hughes in Middle, Treherbert
John, age 29, birthplace Llangyvelach
Rachel, age 25, birthplace Llangyvelach
John, son age 5, birthplace Llangonod?  I can't exactly decipher spelling
Wm 3 birthplace Llangonod.

I'm pretty sure this is same family--children are the same and the right ages.  Birthplace for Rachel is correct, but for John it is not the same as his 1871 census.  A mistake could have been made.

Thanks for any clarification you can give me.