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Beginners => Family History Beginners Board => Topic started by: Kaliannan on Monday 04 July 16 16:10 BST (UK)

Title: Women's occupations 1861 census
Post by: Kaliannan on Monday 04 July 16 16:10 BST (UK)
I am researching the community of Moseley Hole , 1861. about 50% of the population is female but there are very few giving occupations. In a mining community such as this would the women not need to work or did they not give an occupation for some reason? I observe that most families seem to have children spaced at about two years, could this be the reason? They had  more than enough to do! many had lodgers, again more work . Any comments would be welcome.

Thanks,
Phil
Title: Re: Women's occupations 1861 census
Post by: BumbleB on Monday 04 July 16 16:17 BST (UK)
I think you will find that married women as a whole did not work (for a wage), unless they really had to. Even into the early 20th century, women were expected (if not forced) to give up their occupation on marriage.

Title: Re: Women's occupations 1861 census
Post by: lizdb on Monday 04 July 16 16:18 BST (UK)
With large families and no convenience foods or household appliances, they certainly had plenty to do! The culture generally was that the man was the provider, bringing in the wage, and the woman ran the household.
Title: Re: Women's occupations 1861 census
Post by: ThrelfallYorky on Monday 04 July 16 16:34 BST (UK)
Also, often, if the women worked in their own home - piecework, laundry, sewing, etc, they often did not mention it. In mining areas some women also worked on the surface, sorting coal, but although there are frequent references to them, they do not often seem to crop up in censuses. Perhaps there were womend working casually, but neither they nor the head of household liked to think that they were "workers" rather than full-time wives?
Title: Re: Women's occupations 1861 census
Post by: Treetotal on Monday 04 July 16 16:40 BST (UK)
Hi Phil...You might find this interesting:

http://www.striking-women.org/module/women-and-work/19th-and-early-20th-century

Carol
Title: Re: Women's occupations 1861 census
Post by: jim1 on Monday 04 July 16 16:49 BST (UK)
Apart from the above the reason for the census was to track the migration of the population as well as growth. Much of this was work related to men so what women did wasn't considered important & it was pretty much left to the enumerator whether a woman's job was recorded as there were no clear directions as to whether a woman's occupation should be listed.
Title: Re: Women's occupations 1861 census
Post by: stanmapstone on Monday 04 July 16 16:51 BST (UK)
In the England & Wales 1861 Census there were 5,752,085 women the age of 20+. The number of "no stated occupation or condition" was 87,289, or 1.52%, the rest had an occupation. 
http://www.rootschat.com/links/01hxx/

Stan
Title: Re: Women's occupations 1861 census
Post by: stanmapstone on Monday 04 July 16 16:56 BST (UK)
as there were no clear directions as to whether a woman's occupation should be listed.

This is from the 1861 Census Householder's Schedule.
Stan
Title: Re: Women's occupations 1861 census
Post by: Kaliannan on Monday 04 July 16 17:50 BST (UK)
Thanks everyone. It is as I thought. This was  a very cramped community. I have yet to work out the density of the co -residing units but there were some large housholds, lodgers  etc ,a large Irish community of miners from Rosscommon. Plenty of work for the women of the household.
Great to get others's input!

Phil
Title: Re: Women's occupations 1861 census
Post by: ScouseBoy on Wednesday 06 July 16 08:19 BST (UK)
Apart from the above the reason for the census was to track the migration of the population as well as growth. Much of this was work related to men so what women did wasn't considered important & it was pretty much left to the enumerator whether a woman's job was recorded as there were no clear directions as to whether a woman's occupation should be listed.
  Attitudes have changed since those days.
Title: Re: Women's occupations 1861 census
Post by: Kaliannan on Wednesday 06 July 16 09:37 BST (UK)
 http://hwj.oxfordjournals.org/ by guest on July 4, 2016
I found this journal article which discusses the changes in understanding the role of women as shown by the census. I hope it is of interest.

Phil
Title: Re: Women's occupations 1861 census
Post by: MaxD on Wednesday 06 July 16 17:10 BST (UK)
There is another factor in this - whether the area had the type of industry/employment that women were particularly adept at.  For example, Nuneaton, a centre of silk ribbon weaving in the mid 1800s, is one of the areas in my wife's family and in 1861 every second girl/woman is a silk weaver.  See https://nuneatonmemories.wordpress.com/2013/07/09/silk-ribbon-weaving/

maxD
Title: Re: Women's occupations 1861 census
Post by: stanmapstone on Wednesday 06 July 16 18:31 BST (UK)
There is another factor in this - whether the area had the type of industry/employment that women were particularly adept at.
Also the cotton mills in Lancashire.

Stan
Title: Re: Women's occupations 1861 census
Post by: ScouseBoy on Wednesday 06 July 16 18:35 BST (UK)
There is another factor in this - whether the area had the type of industry/employment that women were particularly adept at.  For example, Nuneaton, a centre of silk ribbon weaving in the mid 1800s, is one of the areas in my wife's family and in 1861 every second girl/woman is a silk weaver.  See https://nuneatonmemories.wordpress.com/2013/07/09/silk-ribbon-weaving/

maxD
  And there was large scale  migration to places  such as Lancashire  for the work and the new jobs.